McNamara and other US policymakers feared that the fall of South Vietnam to a Communist regime would lead to the fall of other governments in the region. After the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident, the number of US soldiers in Vietnam escalated dramatically. During the Kennedy administration, McNamara presided over a build-up of US soldiers in South Vietnam. McNamara consolidated intelligence and logistics functions of the Pentagon into two centralized agencies: the Defense Intelligence Agency and the Defense Supply Agency. Kennedy and McNamara instituted a Cold War defense strategy of flexible response, which anticipated the need for military responses short of massive retaliation. McNamara became a close adviser to Kennedy and advocated the use of a blockade during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

After briefly serving as Ford's president, McNamara accepted appointment as Secretary of Defense. These ' Whiz Kids' helped reform Ford with modern planning, organization, and management control systems. After the war, Henry Ford II hired McNamara and a group of other Army Air Force veterans to work for Ford Motor Company. He was born in San Francisco, California, graduated from UC Berkeley and Harvard Business School and served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. McNamara was responsible for the institution of systems analysis in public policy, which developed into the discipline known today as policy analysis. He played a major role in escalating the United States' involvement in the Vietnam War.

Robert Strange McNamara ( / ˈ m æ k n ə m ær ə/) (J– July 6, 2009) was an American business executive and the eighth United States Secretary of Defense, serving from 1961 to 1968 under Presidents John F.

Army Air Forces Office of Statistical Control

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